Addition and Subtraction

 

Early stage 

Children are encouraged to develop a mental picture of the number system in their heads to use for calculations. They develop informal ways of recording calculations using pictures, etc. 

 

The aim is that children use mental methods when appropriate, but for calculation they cannot do in their heads they use an efficient written method accurately and with confidence. 

Multiplication 

 

Early stage 

Children start by learning about equal groups of objects and will learn to count in 2s, 10s, and doubling. They will work on practical problem solving activities involving equal sets or groups.  

 

Children will develop their understanding of multiplication and use jotting to support calculation. 

Division

 

Early stage 

Children start by learning about halving and even numbers. They will understand equal groups and share actual items out in play and problem solving. Children will develop their understanding of division and use jotting to support calculations. 

 

The aim is that children use mental methods when appropriate, but for calculations that they cannot do in their heads they use an efficient written method accurately and with confidence.